雙語暢銷書《我是馬拉拉》第7章:穆夫提(1)

7 The Mufti Who Tried to Close Our School

7　想讓學校關門大吉的穆夫提

JUST IN FRONT of the school on Khushal Street, where I was born, was the house of a tall handsome mullah and his family. His name was Ghulamullah and he called himself a mufti, which means he is an Islamic scholar and authority on Islamic law, though my father complains that anyone with a turban can call themselves a maulana or mufti.

我出生的地方，也就是在學校前面的胡沙爾街上，有一棟屋子裏住着一位又高又帥的毛拉一家人。他的名字是賈蘭穆拉罕，他自稱自己是一位穆夫提[1]。不過我父親對於每個頭上有纏頭布的人都自稱毛拉或穆夫提的狀況頗爲反感。

She refused and her son came to my father in secret. ‘This maulana is starting a campaign against you,’ he warned. ‘We won’t give him the building but be careful.’

房東太太拒絕了他，她兒子還偷偷地來找我父親。“賈蘭穆拉罕已經開始鼓吹反對你了。”他警告道，“我們不會把大樓租給他，但是你們還是要小心。”

My father was angry. ‘Just as we say, “Nim hakim khatrai jan” – “Half a doctor is a danger to one’s life,” so, “Nim mullah khatrai iman” – “A mullah who is not fully learned is a danger to faith”,’ he said.

父親大爲光火，他說：“這就是我們說的‘半吊子的醫生危害的是性命，而半吊子的毛拉危害的是信仰’。”

I am proud that our country was created as the world’s first Muslim homeland, but we still don’t agree on what this means. The Quran teaches us sabar – patience – but often it feels that we have forgotten the word and think Islam means women sitting at home in purdah or wearing burqas while men do jihad. We have many strands of Islam in Pakistan. Our founder Jinnah wanted the rights of Muslims in India to be recognised, but the majority of people in India were Hindu. It was as if there was a feud between two brothers and they agreed to live in different houses. So British India was divided in August 1947, and an independent Muslim state was born. It could hardly have been a bloodier beginning. Millions of Muslims crossed from India, and Hindus travelled in the other direction. Almost two million of them were killed trying to cross the new border. Many were slaughtered on trains which arrived at Lahore and Delhi full of bloodied corpses. My own grandfather narrowly escaped death in the riots when his train was attacked by Hindus on his way home from Delhi, where he had been studying. Now we are a country of 180 million and more than 96 per cent are Muslim. We also have around two million Christians and more than two million Ahmadis, who say they are Muslims though our government says they are not. Sadly those minority communities are often attacked.

我很驕傲我的國家是世界上第一個伊斯蘭國家，但對其含義，我們其實並未達成共識。《古蘭經》教導我們要忍耐，但我們常常忘記這個詞，以爲伊斯蘭教的意思就是要婦女閉門不出或是穿上罩袍，而男人們則去當聖戰士。在巴基斯坦，我們有很多伊斯蘭準則。我們的國父真納想要爲在印度的穆斯林爭取權利，但印度大多數是印度教徒。這就好像是兄弟鬧翻了以後，決定分住在不同的地方。所以，1947年8月，英屬印度一分爲二，而獨立的伊斯蘭國家就此誕生。這實在是血腥的序曲。數百萬穆斯林橫越印度來到這裏，而印度教徒則搬到另一邊去。信仰的差異引發了很多爭端。祖父從家裏出發前往德里上學的火車遭到印度教徒攻擊，他在千鈞一髮之際逃過一劫。現在，巴基斯坦有1.8億人口，超過96%是穆斯林。我們還有約200萬基督徒人口，和超過200萬的艾哈邁迪耶派教徒，艾哈邁迪耶派教徒自稱是穆斯林，但我們的政府否定這樣的說法。令人遺憾的是，這些少數族羣常常是被攻擊的目標。