雙語暢銷書《我是馬拉拉》第7章:穆夫提(13)
In 2004, after resisting pressure from Washington for more than two and a half years, General Musharraf sent the army into the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), seven agencies that lie along the border with Afghanistan, where the government had little control. The Americans claimed that al-Qaeda militants who had fled from Afghanistan during the US bombing were using the areas as a safe haven, taking advantage of our Pashtun hospitality. From there they were running training camps and launching raids across the border on NATO troops. For us in Swat this was very close to home. One of the agencies, Bajaur, is next to Swat. The people who live in the FATA are all from Pashtun tribes like us Yousafzai, and live on both sides of the border with Afghanistan.
2004年，在抵抗華盛頓的施壓兩年半之後。穆沙拉夫將軍派軍隊進入聯邦直轄部落地區（FATA），有七個部落區沿着我們和阿富汗的國界坐落在此，政府對這裏沒有太大的管轄權力。美國宣稱當他們轟炸阿富汗時，基地激進分子利用這個區域作爲避風港逃離阿富汗，利用普什圖人的好客習俗幫他們避難。在這裏，他們組織訓練營，跨越國境向北約軍隊發動攻擊。對我們在斯瓦特的人來說，這裏已經離家很近了。其中一個部落，巴焦爾，就在斯瓦特旁邊。住在聯邦直轄部落地區的人全都來自普什圖部落，例如優素福扎伊，他們與阿富汗人跨越國界生活在一起。
The tribal agencies were created in British times as a buffer zone between Afghanistan and what was then India, and they are still run in the same way, administered by tribal chiefs or elders known as maliks. Unfortunately, the maliks make little difference. In truth the tribal areas are not governed at all. They are forgotten places of harsh rocky valleys where people scrape by on smuggling. (The average annual income is just $250 – half the Pakistani average.) They have very few hospitals and schools, particularly for girls, and political parties were not allowed there until recently. Hardly any women from these areas can read. The people are renowned for their fierceness and independence, as you can see if you read any of the old British accounts.
部落區是在英屬時期劃出的，作爲阿富汗和當時印度的緩衝地帶，印度也以相同的方法管理這裏，管理者是部落的酋長和長老，又稱馬利克。不幸的是，馬利克沒有什麼權力。實際上，部落特區可以說處於無政府狀態。這裏好似一片被遺忘了的土地，只有陡峭的石壁峽谷，居民靠走私勉強餬口。這裏人的年平均收入只有250美金，是巴基斯坦人收入的一半。這裏很少有醫院和學校，特別是女校，而且直到最近纔開放組織政治黨派。這些地區的婦女幾乎目不識丁。當地人以兇悍與獨立著稱，如果你看過一些英國文獻，就會知道這一點。
Our army had never before gone into the FATA. Instead they had maintained indirect control in the same way the British had, relying on the Pashtun-recruited Frontier Corps rather than regular soldiers. Sending in the regular army was a tough decision. Not only did our army and ISI have long links with some of the militants, but it also meant our troops would be fighting their own Pashtun brothers. The first tribal area that the army entered was South Waziristan, in March 2004. Predictably the local people saw it as an attack on their way of life. All the men there carry weapons and hundreds of soldiers were killed when the locals revolted.
我們的軍隊在此之前從未涉足過聯邦直轄部落地區。政府不派真正的士兵，而是以普什圖人組織的邊防警察間接管轄當地。派正式軍隊進入當地是一個艱難的決定。不只是因爲我們的軍隊和ISI長久以來一直與幾個激進分子有聯繫，也代表我們的軍隊將要和他們的普什圖手足開戰。2004年3月，軍隊首次進入部落區，南瓦濟里斯坦。可想而知，當地人奮起反抗，將其視爲對他們生活方式的入侵行爲。當地所有男人都拿起武器，衝突爆發，死了數百名士兵。
The army was in shock. Some men refused to fight, not wishing to battle their own people. They retreated after just twelve days and reached what they called a ‘negotiated peace settlement’ with local militant leaders like Nek Mohammad. This involved the army bribing them to halt all attacks and keep out foreign fighters. The militants simply used the cash to buy more weapons and resumed their activities. A few months later came the first attack on Pakistan by a US drone.
軍隊對此非常震驚。有些戰士拒絕作戰，因爲他們不想和自己的兄弟打仗。僅12天，軍隊便撤退了，開始與當地軍事首領，包括內克·穆罕默德等，討論他們所稱的《和平協商協議》。這包含了軍隊買通軍事首領停止所有的攻擊行動，並阻止外國軍隊介入。軍事首領則用這些錢去購買更多武器，然後繼續發動攻擊。幾個月後，美國無人偵察機發動了第一起對巴基斯坦的攻擊事件。
