雙語暢銷書《我是馬拉拉》第3章4:辯論會

Student organisations which had been banned under Zia became very active. My father quickly got involved in student politics and became known as a talented speaker and debater. He was made general secretary of the Pakhtoon Students Federation (PSF), which wanted equal rights for Pashtuns. The most important jobs in the army, bureaucracy and government are all taken by Punjabis because they come from the biggest and most powerful province.

齊亞.哈克時期被禁止的學生團體開始活躍了起來。父親很快就加入了學生自治會，成爲衆所皆知的演說家和辯論家。他成爲巴克同（普什圖人的另一個稱呼）學生聯合會[2]的祕書長，他向聯合會提出訴求，要求普什圖人的平等權。當時軍中、官僚體系和政府裏的重要職務，都由旁遮普人擔任，只因爲他們來自最大且最強勢的省份。

The other main student organisation was Islami Jamaat-e-Talaba, the student wing of the religious party Jamaat-e-Islami, which was powerful in many universities in Pakistan. They provided free textbooks and grants to students but held deeply intolerant views and their favourite pastime was to patrol universities and sabotage music concerts. The party had been close to General Zia and done badly in the elections. The president of the students’ group in Jehanzeb College was Ihsan ul-Haq Haqqani. Though he and my father were great rivals, they admired each other and later became friends. Haqqani says he is sure my father would have been president of the PSF and become a politician if he had been from a rich khan family. Student politics was all about debating and charisma, but party politics required money.

另一個主要的學生團體是激進的伊斯蘭學生社團IJT，它是宗教政黨伊斯蘭大會黨[3]的學生團體，這個團體在許多巴基斯坦的大學裏都有十分龐大的勢力。他們向學生提供免費的課本和學生貸款，但他們有很深的偏執，且他們最喜歡做的，就是在校園裏巡邏，並去音樂集會搗亂。伊斯蘭大會黨是親齊亞.哈克將軍那一派的，在選舉中慘敗。他們在傑哈茲布大學的學生團體主席當時是伊赫桑.哈克.哈卡尼。雖然他與我的父親身份敵對，但他們卻互相欣賞，後來成爲好友。哈克.哈卡尼說，他敢肯定，如果父親出生在富裕的貴族家庭，一定會成爲巴克同學生聯合會的主席。成爲學生政治團體的領袖需要的是辯論能力和個人魅力，而政治黨派就需要有錢了。

One of their most heated debates in that first year was over a novel. The book was called The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie, and it was a parody of the Prophet’s life set in Bombay. Muslims widely considered it blasphemous and it provoked so much outrage that it seemed people were talking of little else. The odd thing was no one had even noticed the publication of the book to start with – it wasn’t actually on sale in Pakistan – but then a series of articles appeared in Urdu newspapers by a mullah close to our intelligence service, berating the book as offensive to the Prophet and saying it was the duty of good Muslims to protest. Soon mullahs all over Pakistan were denouncing the book, calling for it to be banned, and angry demonstrations were held. The most violent took place in Islamabad on 12 February 1989, when American flags were set alight in front of the American Centre – even though Rushdie and his publishers were British. Police fired into the crowd, and five people were killed. The anger wa sn’t just in Pakistan. Two days later Ayatollah Khomeini, the supreme leader of Iran, issued a fatwa calling for Rushdie’s assassination.

大一時，他們最激烈的辯論議題是關於一本小說--薩爾曼.拉什迪寫的《撒旦詩篇》。這本書拙劣地仿述先知在龐貝的生活，被絕大多數穆斯林視爲瀆神之作。這本書引發的狂瀾如此之劇烈，以至於大家幾乎都遺忘了其他議題。奇怪的是，這本書出版時，根本沒有人注意到，而且它也並沒有在巴基斯坦銷售。事情的緣起是突然之間，一個住在離我們的情報局很近的毛拉，連續在烏爾都的報紙上發表文章，斥責這本書羞辱先知，並號召穆斯林羣起抗議。很快，整個巴基斯坦的毛拉開始響應，斥責此書，要求將其列爲禁書。憤怒的抗議活動陸續展開。而其中最暴力的一次活動，發生在1989年2月12日的伊斯蘭堡。憤怒的人羣在美國文化處前放火燒燬了美國國旗--而事實上，拉什迪和他的出版社都來自英國。警方朝民衆開槍，致五人死亡。憤怒的情緒不只在巴基斯坦燃燒。兩天後，伊朗精神領袖阿亞圖拉.霍梅尼宣佈判處拉什迪死刑，並懸賞追殺他。

My father’s college held a heated debate in a packed room. Many students argued that the book should be banned and burned and the fatwa upheld. My father also saw the book as offensive to Islam but believes strongly in freedom of speech. ‘First, let’s read the book and then why not respond with our own book, ’ he suggested. He ended by asking in a thundering voice my grandfather would have been proud of, ‘Is Islam such a weak religion that it cannot tolerate a book written against it? Not my Islam!’

父親的大學舉辦了一場辯論會，座無虛席。許多學生主張這本書應該被禁被燒，並執行追殺令。父親也認爲那本書是對伊斯蘭教的冒犯，但他強烈支持言論自由。“首先，我們先讀完這本書。然後，我們爲什麼不自己寫一本書來反擊呢？”他這樣建議。最後，他用連我的祖父都會感到驕傲的磅礴音量問道：“伊斯蘭教難道軟弱到不能承受區區一本書的批評嗎？那不是我所認識的伊斯蘭教！”

For the first few years after graduating from Jehanzeb my father worked as an English teacher in a well-known private college. But the salary was low, just 1, 600 rupees a month (around ￡12), and my grandfather complained he was not contributing to the household. It was also not enough for him to save for the wedding he hoped for to his beloved Tor Pekai.

從傑哈茲布畢業後最初幾年，父親在一所很有名的私立大學教英文。但是教書的薪水很低，一個月才1600盧比（19美元），祖父抱怨他不拿錢回家。這點錢也不夠他存起來和心愛的託.貝凱舉辦婚禮。