新概念英語4學習筆記：第9課 Royal Espionage
本文選自吳應時的《應時新概念英語4》，是學習新概念英語第四冊的輔助學習筆記，提供知識點精講及解析，想知道具體都有哪些內容，那就一起來看看吧。
第一段語法符號詳解：
1. Alfred the Great acted as spy, visiting…
簡單句，主謂賓結構，後面有一個現在分詞短語和一個過去分詞短語，兩個均作狀語，visiting…camps 可以理解成作伴隨狀語，修飾 acted 這一動作；disguised…minstrel 則作方式狀語，修飾 visiting.
Alfred the Great (849-899)，建議搜索瞭解大帝的生平.
2. minstrels were welcome…
簡單句，主謂結構.
3. They were not men, and their harp was their passport.
並列句，均爲主系表結構.
4. Alfred had learned ballads, and could vary his programme…
並列句，均爲主謂賓結構.
第二段語法符號詳解：
1. While army began to gather, the king set out to penetrate the camp…
複合句，主句爲主謂賓結構，while 引導的時間狀語從句亦爲主謂賓結構.
2. These had settled down: Alfred went…
並列句，前後兩個句子，以冒號相隔. 前句爲主謂結構，後句有倒裝，還原爲 Alfred went thither. 也是主謂結構.
3. He noticed that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence, and precautions were casual.
複合句，前後兩個句子，以冒號相隔. 第一句爲主謂+賓語從句結構，賓語從句爲主系表結構. 冒號後面的句子爲並列句，由兩個句子組成，第一句爲主謂賓結構，第二句爲主系表結構.
4. They lived on the proceeds…
簡單句，主謂賓結構，謂語由動詞詞組擔任，live on 一起作謂語方能理解成以什麼爲生. 這裏用逗號將 live on 分開，可以理解成強調 well. 有人認爲 well 和 on the proceeds…regions 並列作狀語，這樣理解不是很恰當，因 on the proceeds 只能作地點狀 語，相當於在某處生活.
5. they collected women, and a life had made them soft.
並列句，前句爲主謂賓結構，後句爲主謂賓+賓補結構
第三段語法符號詳解：
1. Alfred stayed…before he returned…
複合句，主句爲主謂結構，before 引導的時間狀語從句亦爲主謂結構.
這裏網上有人認爲句中 a week 不等於 for a week，因此不應理解爲“在 camp 待了一週”，而是“在他回到阿塞爾納的一週前，阿爾弗雷德一直待在敵營”. 這裏似乎缺少了 for，但畢竟這裏涉及史實，我查了別的書籍，全都寫的是待了幾 天. Alfred stayed [in the Danish camp] [for several days], [singing his songs and playing sweet music], and [all the time] [watching and listening].[1] 這裏 all the time 後面的伴隨狀 語，你也可以看作 Alfred was watching and listening [all the time]. 從這可以看出，原句 的理解應爲一個星期，而不是一週前. 應爲實際上也不是 7 天，所以翻譯中我加了“大約”二字.
其實作者不過是把地點狀語提前了，調換一下就沒有這種模棱兩可的情況了：
Alfred stayed a week in the camp before…因爲 stay 和 last 一樣，本身帶有持續性的意義，可以省略 for.
2. The force was trivial…
簡單句，主系表結構.
3. Alfred had deduced that the Danes were fit and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on raids…
複合句，以冒號分爲兩句，第一句爲主謂+賓語從句結構，賓語從句爲主系表結構. and 後面是省略了主語和謂語 Alfred had deduced 的賓語從句，這裏的冒號可以理
解成分號. 該賓語從句爲並列句，以 but 相連，均爲主謂賓結構，只不過 but 後面這句省略了主語 their commissariat. 這句的 irregular 如果是描述軍隊，可以表達 irregular military 非正規軍隊，regular military 正規軍隊，所以這裏的搶奪也是不正規的，也就 是瞎搶，並沒有按照規劃，從東邊搶到西邊，或者從富戶搶起。
第四段語法詳解：
1. Alfred did not risk battle but harried the enemy.
並列句，以 but 連接，兩句均爲主謂賓結構，第二句省略了主語 Alfred.
2. He was on the move.
簡單句，主系表結構，後面跟一個現在分詞作伴隨狀語.
3. His patrols halted parties: hunger assailed army.
簡單句，主系表結構，後面跟一個現在分詞作伴隨狀語.
4. Alfred began skirmishes and the Danes had surrendered.
並列句，首句主謂賓結構，and 後句爲主謂結構.
5. The episode could serve as a(n) epic
簡單句，主謂賓結構. 翻譯的時候，將 episode 放在了最後.
