新概念4學習筆記：第19課The Stuff of Dreams
本文選自吳應時的《應時新概念英語4》，是學習新概念英語第四冊的輔助學習筆記，提供知識點精講及解析，想知道具體都有哪些內容，那就一起來看看吧。
第一段語法符號詳解：
1. It is clear that the sleeping period must have some function and because…the function would seem to be important…
並列複合句，以 and 分爲兩句，第一句 it 爲形式主語，that 引導的主語從句作真正主語，該主語從句爲主謂賓結構.
and 後第二句的主句爲主系表結構，前面有一個 because 引導的原因狀語從句.
2. Speculations have been going on and finding is that it looks…
並列複合句，以 and 分爲兩句，第一句爲主謂結構.
第二句中，that 引導定語從句修飾主句的主語 finding，該定語從句爲主謂賓+賓補結構. 主句爲主系表結構，故 finding is that it looks…rest 是系動詞 is 後面接 that 引導的表語從句.
這個 that 引導的表語從句爲 it looks as if…的主系表結構，其表語又由一個 as if 引導的表語從句擔任，即主系+表語從句結構中，該表語從句仍爲主系+表語從句結構. 這個嵌套的表語從句本身又是主系表結構 sleeping is [not] a matter.
3. Rest can be achieved…
簡單句，主謂結構，by 引導方式狀語，不過該狀語是並列結構，or 後面有所省略，補充完整爲 rest can be achieved even by sitting down.
4. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring and function…when…
並列句，前句主系表結構，後句省略了主語，主謂結構，後面的 when 引導的時間狀語從句亦有省略，補充完整爲 when the body’s tissues are [more or less] [continuously] active. 主系表結構.
5. movement occurs which is concerned with…
複合句，主謂結構，which 引導定語從句修飾 movement，主謂賓結構.
第二段語法符號詳解：
1. If it is not a question…the brain needs resting…
複合句，主句爲強調句，主謂賓結構.
if 引導的條件狀語從句，主系表結構.
2. This might be hypothesis were it not for two factors…
複合句，主句爲簡單句，主系表結構，後面跟一個省略了 if 的條件狀語從句，且採用了倒裝結構，屬於虛擬語氣的用法，還原爲：if it were not for two factors. (2.1.3)
3. the electroencephalograph shows that…while…there is no evidence…
複合句，主句爲主謂+賓語從句結構.
該賓語從句包含一個 while 引導的時間狀語從句（3-2 句）和 that 引導的同位語從句（3-3 句）. 其中 3-2 句爲 there be 句型，3-3 句爲主系表結構簡單句.
3-1 句原文是以括號形式作補充講解腦電圖記錄儀爲何物，該句本身是簡單句，主系表結構.
4. The second factor is interesting and fundamental…
簡單句，主系表並列結構.
5. an American psychiatrist published experiments…
簡單句，主謂賓結構.
William Charles Dement (born July 29, 1928) is an American sleep researcher and founder of the Sleep Research Center at Stanford University.[1] 睡眠醫學之父，還健在.
6. He showed that the sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts…
複合句，主句爲主謂+賓語從句，而該從句爲主謂賓結構.
some drifting and slow，以及 others jerky and rapid 兩句爲獨立主格結構. 這兩句所處的賓語從句中，主語爲平均的睡眠週期，而此兩句的主語應爲 bursts of eye-movements，與句子的主語不一致. (12.1.2)
7. People reported that they had been dreaming…
複合句，主句爲主謂+賓語從句，而該從句爲主謂結構. 這裏是處於快速眼動睡眠狀態.
8. when…they reported no dreams…
複合句，主句主謂賓結構. when 引導的時間狀語從句省略了主語，完整句爲： [When they had woken [at other times],] …因爲主句是一般過去時，這個甦醒在主句彙報沒有夢之前發生，所以是過去的過去，採用過去完成時予以還原.
9. If…the first group began to show some disorders while…
複合句，主句爲主謂賓結構，即 9-2 句.
9-1 句爲 if 引導的條件狀語從句，爲並列句，由 and 連接，均爲主謂結構，第二句裏面含有 when 引導的時間狀語從句，該時間狀語從句爲主謂賓結構.
9-3 句爲 while 引導的時間狀語從句，爲主系表結構.
10. The implications were that…
複合句，主句爲主系+表語從句.
that 引導的表語從句爲強調句型，爲並列句，均爲主謂結構，其中 but 後這一句省略了謂語，還原爲 but it was the disturbance of dreaming that mattered.
