每個畢業生都應該知道的十大理財觀念

Don't make career decisions based on dollar amounts.

不要單看薪酬多少來做出職業決定

Think big picture. If you're offered X dollars in New York City, it's not the same as the same amount in Kansas City. You have to evaluate what you want out of your career and what the benefits are of those decisions. When evaluating job offers, know the difference between benefits and perks. You might think it's cool to be able to throw a Frisbee down the hall, but what's that compared with dental insurance?

要有大局觀。如果你在紐約找到了一份工作。同樣的薪酬在堪薩斯市會感覺很不一樣。你必須評估一下，你想要從事業中獲得什麼，以及那些決定會帶來什麼福利。在衡量拿手的一些工作機會時，要知曉福利和津貼之間的不同。你可能認爲能夠在公司大廳裏扔飛盤很棒，但是與牙科保險相比又如何呢？

Figure out how much you will need up front to move and start your life.

算出搬家並開始生活需要多少預付資金

Apartment rentals require deposits, as do some utility companies. You may need a moving van, and you may have to wait four weeks for a first paycheck. You have to figure out what you'll need to live on before that first paycheck.

租房需要定金，一些公用事業服務也是如此。你可能需要一輛搬家貨車，但不得不等上四個周才能領到第一筆薪水。“你必須算出在領到第一份薪水前，需要多少錢才能生活下去。

Know what your take-home pay is--it's not as much as you think.

知道你的到手工資是多少——並不像你所想的那樣多。

You can't start fashioning a budget without knowing what you have to work with. A paycheck and the dollars into your hand are not the same thing. You and the married guy next door with three kids will not get the same check for the same salary.

你不能在還不知道有多少錢可用的情況下就開始制定預算。薪資和到手金額不是一回事。在薪資相同的情況下，你和隔壁那個結了婚並育有三個孩子的傢伙，你們到手的錢不會一樣多。

Be realistic about your expenses and essentials.

在花銷和生活必需品方面現實一點

Some students have lived in an apartment before, but after college it's not a big party and eating your roommates' food late at night. Rather it's time to grapple with expenses like transportation, health care, food, entertainment and incidentals. Plan everything. Many students expect to live on $50 a week for food. You will not live on rice and beans. You will go to the deli. You will buy coffee. You don't have to deprive yourself. Just be realistic. I don't care if you get a pet snake. Just know how much it costs.

一些學生以前住過公寓，但是畢業後生活就不再是大派對，也不能深夜向室友蹭吃蹭喝。相反，是時候努力應對交通費、醫療費、伙食費、娛樂費以及其他各種雜費了。要計劃好一切。很多學生期望一週在飲食上只花50美元。你不能只用米飯和豆子打發自己。你會去熟食店。你會買咖啡。你不必對自己太過苛刻。現實一點就行。就算你想養蛇當寵物也沒關係，只要你知道這會花掉多少錢。

Understand cash flow.

理解現金流

Find out not only exactly how much you'll be paid, but also precisely when, and when your bills will arrive.

不僅要弄清楚你到底會拿多少錢，還要確切地知道何時發工資，以及何時會收到賬單。

Keep an emergency account.

留有應急資金

Bad things happen, and they will happen to you. You'll be sick. You'll be hurt. Life will happen to you the same ways it does to everyone else. Be prepared mentally and financially for this reality.

總會有不好的事情發生，它們也會降臨到你頭上。你會生病，會受傷。生活對待你的方式和對待他人並沒有不同。對這一現實要做好思想上和經濟上的雙重準備。

Know when to use a debit card or credit card.

知道何時用借記卡或信用卡

I think students should have credit cards. They are safer from theft than debit cards, and paying off a credit card every month will help a young person build a credit history and, hopefully, a good credit score. However, for routine purchases like going out to eat, buying gasoline or going to a movie, students should use a debit card. It will protect you from the typical 'I spent how much this month?' experience. Credit cards should be for major, significant purchases.

我認爲學生應當有信用卡。與借記卡相比，信用卡被盜的危險更小，而且每月還卡賬將幫助年輕人建立一個信用記錄，希望會是一個良好的信用評分。但是一些日常支出，如外出就餐、給汽車加油或去看電影等，應該使用借記卡。這樣你就不會每次都奇怪‘這個月怎麼又花了這麼多錢’了。信用卡應該用來支付有規劃的的重大購買項目。

Get renter's insurance.

租房保證金

Look carefully at the insurance options provided by your employer. For example, everyone needs worker's compensation insurance. Financially protect yourself from a roommate who might run off to Puerto Rico with a security deposit or legal agreement.

僱主提供的保險選項可要看仔細了。例如，每個人都需要工傷補償保險。要用保證金或法律協議保護自己在經濟上免遭“可能遠走高飛的室友”坑害。

Begin contributing immediately to a 401(k) plan or an IRA account.

立即開始向養老金計劃或個人退休賬戶存錢

Even if you start off slow and modest, it will make a huge difference. You may miss the $50 or so you put aside out of each paycheck, but it will grow and grow and save you from panic later.

即便開始時存得不多而進展很緩慢，早早開始也將會有很大不同。你可能會對從每個月的薪水中拿出50美元左右存起來感到有點不太情願，但是這筆錢會積少成多，讓你免於老無所依的恐慌。

Don't be afraid to invest.

不要害怕投資

A savings account is a risky investment, because it means you're betting that there won't be inflation. Diversify, diversify, diversify.

存錢是一項高風險的投資，因爲這意味着你打賭不會出現通貨膨脹。多樣化，多樣化，永遠切記要多樣化。

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