倫敦G20奧巴馬接受芮成鋼提問
OBAMA: All right. I've got time for just a couple more questions. I'm going to find a journalist here.
奧巴馬：好。我還有時間再回答幾個問題。我來挑一個記者。
(CROSSTALK) （場下記者舉手，不時發出喊聲）
OBAMA: All right. Here, I'm going to call on this gentleman right here. He's -- he's been very persistent.
奧巴馬：好，我想讓這邊的這位先生提問。他一直非常執著。
RUI CHENGGANG: Rui Chenggang of China Central Television. It seems the world leaders have been talking about increasing the voice and voting rights of developing countries. I would like to ask two questions instead of just one. First one, on behalf of China...
芮成鋼：芮成鋼,來自中國中央電視臺。既然全球的領導人一直在講要給發展中國家更多的話語權和投票權，那麼我就想問兩個問題而不是一個問題。第一個問題是代表中國問的..
OBAMA: I may choose which one I want to answer.
奧巴馬：我可能只選擇其中一個問題回答。
(LAUGHTER)（奧巴馬笑）
RUI CHENGGANG: of course.
芮成鋼：當然可以。
OBAMA: That's always the danger of asking two questions.
奧巴馬：問兩個問題總是有風險的。
RUI CHENGGANG: First one, you've had a very fruitful meeting with our President. And during the Clinton administration, U.S.-China relationship was characterized, in Clinton's words, "strategic, constructive partnership." During the Bush era it was -- the catchphrase, quote, unquote, "stakeholder." The Bush administration expects China to -- to become a responsible stakeholder in international affairs. Have you come up with a catchphrase of your own? And, certainly, it is not the G-2, is it?
芮成鋼：首先，您和中國國家主席在此次峯會上進行了成果頗豐的會談。在克林頓時期，中美關係被克林頓概括爲“建設性戰略伙伴關係”。在小布什時期，（形容中美關係的）關鍵詞是“利益相關者”——當時的布什政府希望中國在國際事務中擔當負責任的利益相關者。您是否已經有了一個自己的關鍵詞（來定位中美關係）呢？那當然不會是所謂的G2，對吧？
And my second question is, on behalf of the world, politics is very local, even though we've been talking about global solution, as indicated by your recent preference over American journalists and British, which is OK. (Laughter.) How can you make sure that you will do whatever you can， so that that local politics will not trump or negatively affect good international economics? Thank you, Mr. President.
我的第二個問題是代表全世界問的。雖然我們一直在講全球性的對策，但政治本身卻是非常本土化的，正如您剛纔一直優先選擇美國和英國的記者提問，不過這倒沒有什麼。（奧巴馬笑）問題是，您如何確保糟糕的本土政治不會干擾或消極的影響到正確的國際經貿往來合作？謝謝，總統先生。
OBAMA: Well, those -- those are excellent questions. On -- on the first question, your American counterparts will tell you I'm terrible with those little catchphrases and sound bites. So I haven't come up with anything catchy yet, but if you have any suggestions, let me know. (LAUGHTER) I'll be happy to use them.
奧巴馬：你問得問題都非常精彩。關於第一個問題，你的美國同行們可以告訴你，我最不善於用關鍵詞或短語對事務進行概括了。所以（對於中美關係）我到目前爲止還沒有想到用什麼精闢的短語來概括。不過你要是有什麼建議，不妨告訴我。（笑）我會很高興的使用它。
In terms of local politics, look, I'm the President of the United States. I'm not the President of China, I'm not the President of Japan, I'm not the President of the other participants here. And so I have a direct responsibility to my constituents to make their lives better. That's why they put me in there. That accounts for some of the questions here, about how concretely does me being here help them find a job, pay for their home, send their kids to college, live what we call the American Dream. And I will be judged by my effectiveness in meeting their needs and concerns.
至於本土政治，你看，我是美國的總統，不是中國的主席，也不是日本首相，我不是參加峯會各位的首腦。我最直接的責任是讓我們美國的人民生活得更好，這纔是他們選舉我到這個職位的目的。這也是前面幾個問題中所提到的，爲什麼我來這裏（參與20國峯會）能夠幫助美國人民就業、購買住房、培養孩子上大學、實現我們所說的“美國夢”。衡量我的標準，就是要看我是否能有效地滿足美國人民的需要和解決他們所關心的問題。
But in an era of integration and interdependence, it is also my responsibility to lead America into recognizing that its interests, its fate is tied up with the larger world; that if we neglect or abandon those who are suffering in poverty, that not only are we depriving ourselves of potential opportunities for markets and economic growth, but ultimately that despair may turn to violence that turns on us; that unless we are concerned about the education of all children and not just our children, not only may we be depriving ourselves of the next great scientist who's going to find the next new energy source that saves the planet, but we also may make people around the world much more vulnerable to anti-American propaganda.
但是在現在這個各國相互依存相互融合的時期，我的另一個職責就是帶領美國人民認識到：我們國家的利益和命運和世界是緊密相連的。如果我們忽視或者放棄那些遭遇貧窮的國家和人民，我們將不但放棄了經濟和市場發展的潛在機遇，而且最終失望會轉變爲暴力的衝突反過來傷害我們。如果我們只關注美國的下一代，而不是全世界所有下一代的教育問題，那麼我們將不僅僅會失去某一個探索到新能源來拯救地球的偉大科學家，我們會使全世界的人民更易於陷入反美的情緒。
So if I'm effective as America's President right now, part of that effectiveness involves holding a -- providing Americans insight into how their self-interest is tied up with yours. And that's an ongoing project because it's not always obvious.
所以，如果我現在作爲美國總統是稱職的，是有作爲的，那麼部分的作爲就將體現在我幫助美國人去深刻理解：他們的利益和你們的利益是相連的。這是個持續不斷的任務——因爲它往往不容易被人理解。
And there are going to be times where short-term interests are going to differ; there's no doubt about it. And protectionism is the classic example. You can make arguments that if you can get away with protecting your markets, as long as the other folks don't protect theirs, then in the short term you may benefit. And it then becomes important not only for me to try to give people a sense of why, over the long term, that's counter-productive, but also it becomes important for me to put policies in place in the United States that provide a cushion, provide support for those people who may suffer local dislocations because of globalization. And that's something that I think every government has to think about.
有些時候大家的短期利益是有差異的，這是不容置疑的，保護主義就是一個經典的例子。你可能會想：如果你保護你的本國市場不被懲罰，而別的國家都不實施保護主義，你在短期就會有切近的利益。所以，我要向大家解釋爲什麼保護主義從長期來看，對經濟和生產力有負作用，這很重要。但同時，在美國國內我們也要實行某些政策，爲那些由於全球化而遭遇損失的人們建立經濟的保障與過渡，這也非常重要。我覺得這是每一個政府都需要考慮的。
There are individuals who will be harmed by a trade deal. There are businesses who will go out of business because of free trade. And to the extent that a government is not there to help them reshape their company or retrain for the new jobs that are being created, over time you're going to get people who see -- who rightly see their personal self-interest in very narrow terms. Okay?
會有人因爲一個貿易協定而遭受損失，會有公司因爲自由貿易而關門破產。政府如果不在這種情況下幫助這些企業轉型，幫助他們找到新的就業機會，長此以往，就會讓這些人陷入只顧自身利益的狹隘當中（而一葉障目不見泰山）。不是嗎？
