男人們 你擋到我們的世界了

If you are a woman, do you sometimes get annoyed when a man assumes you are an ignorant little girl and tries to explain something to you? And it often turns out he knows no more on the subject than you do.
如果你是一名女性，你是否常因被男人當作無知小女生來說教而感到惱怒？而通常，他在這個問題上懂的並不比你多。

Now you have an English word to describe this irritating behavior — “mansplaining”. The word has been included in Oxford Dictionaries’ online database and is defined as: “v. (of a man) explain something to someone, typically a woman, in a manner regarded as condescending and patronizing.”
現在，你可以用一個英文單詞來形容這種令人生厭的行爲了——男人說教（mansplaining）。該詞已被收入牛津在線詞典，其定義爲：“（一個男人）以一副居高臨下的姿態向別人，通常爲女性，解釋某件事情。”

According to an Atlantic article tracing the cultural history of “mansplaining”, the word began its life in 2008 when writer Rebecca Solnit wrote an essay titled “Men explain things to me” published in the Los Angeles Times. Solnit described the time a man explained a book to her without realizing that she wrote it. Solnit didn’t coin the word “mansplaining” herself, but she drew attention to the problem. In her words:
《大西洋月刊》曾有一篇文章追溯該詞的歷史淵源：它出現於2008年，源自作家麗貝卡•索爾尼發表於《洛杉磯時報》的一篇文章，題爲“男人們向我侃侃而談”。該文講述了一個男人向索爾尼侃侃而談一本書，卻不知道這本書正出自索爾尼之手。“男人說教”一詞並非索爾尼所創，但她的文章引起了人們對這一問題的注意。在文中，索爾尼寫道：

“Every woman knows what I’m talking about. It’s the presumption that makes it hard, at times, for any woman in any field; that keeps women from speaking up and from being heard when they dare; that crushes young women into silence by indicating, the way harassment on the street does, that this is not their world. It trains us in self-doubt and self-limitation just as it exercises men’s unsupported overconfidence.”
“女人們一定都深有同感。因爲這樣的假設，每個領域的女性都舉步維艱；她們緘口不言，即使有人大膽發聲也無人傾聽；就算在路上遭到了騷擾，也只能忍氣吞聲，因爲人們認爲世界不屬於她們。這樣的假設讓我們懷疑自己、限制自己，卻讓男人們毫無理由地過度自信。

Gone viral
病毒式傳播

Solnit’s essay struck a chord with so many readers that “mansplaining” popped up in the comment sections of many websites. It entered the mainstream, and it began to be used not only in the workplace and academia, but also in politics. In the US media for example, you will often read stories criticizing Republicans for “mansplaining” birth control to women. There are also headlines such as “GOP (Republican party) tries to woo women voters by mansplaining that they shouldn’t care about equal pay” and “Is Congress guilty of mansplaining to Janet Yellen?”
索爾尼的文章引起了衆多讀者的共鳴，而“男人說教”一詞也在諸多網站的評論區乍現。該詞隨之進入主流文化，不僅被用在職場或學術界，還被用在政治領域。以美國媒體爲例，批評共和黨人像“男人一樣說教”女性節育的文章比比皆是。還有這樣的標題：“大老黨（共和黨）爲贏得女性選民支持，勸其不在乎男女同酬”，或者“國會是否應對‘男人式說教’ 珍妮特•耶倫（美聯儲百年曆史上首位女主席）而感到愧疚？”

After “mansplaining”, a group of “man”-prefixed words appeared to shame men for their bad behavior. There is “manspreading”, the habit some men have of taking up too much space in public places, especially spreading their legs when sitting on public transit. There is “manterrupt”, coined from “man” and “interrupt”. The latest “man”-word is “manslamming”, coined recently by New York magazine to describe “the sidewalk M.O. (modus operandi) of men who remain apparently oblivious to the personal space of those around them.”
在“男人說教”一詞之後，一系列“男人”爲前綴的詞語應運而生，用以諷刺男人們的不良行爲。比如“大爺式佔座”，比喻男性在公共場合佔用過多空間的行爲，尤其是在交通工具上張開雙腿而坐；還有 “男人（man）”和“插嘴（interrupt）”組合而成“男人插嘴”；以及最新出現的“男人式碰撞”，它來自《紐約客》雜誌最近的一篇文章，用以描述“男人走人行道時只看自己周圍的個人空間（如果你不先讓道，他們會直接撞過來）”。

These words tend to catch on because they describe behaviors that men usually adopt unconsciously and that women find annoying or sometimes offensive, says Megan Garber in The Atlantic. According to Garber, these words point to forms of privilege that men think they are rightfully entitled to. These words are descriptive as well as prescriptive. Garber says: “They both describe a behavior and strongly advise against it. They hint at that the troubling fact that privilege tends to be highly apparent to everyone except the people who enjoy it.”
梅根•加伯爾在《大西洋月刊》的文章中寫道，這些詞語的流行正是因爲男性對這些行爲毫無意識，女性卻早已惱怒不堪、時常感到不適。在加伯爾看來，這些詞語都指出了一種共同的現象：男性認爲一些特權是他們生來就有的。這些詞語既是描述性的，也是規範性的。加伯爾說，“它們既是對一種行爲的描述，也是對這種行爲的告誡。它們反應出一個不容樂觀的事實：人人都能看到這種特權的存在，而享受它的人卻對此渾然不覺。”