魔術愚弄大腦的十種方式
We all like magic and more importantly we all like to think we can work out magic tricks if we really want to. But as it turns out, even a simple card trick utilizes neuro-scientific principles to trick our brain in ways that we usually can't consciously control. So what exactly is wrong with our brain? Well nothing really, but years of evolution has left it with traits that leave it wide open to be duped by magic.
我們都爲魔術着迷，更重要的是，我們都以爲，只要我們想，揭祕魔術並不在話下，但即使一個小小的紙牌魔術都會麻痹掉我們的科學神經。我們的大腦有缺陷嗎？當然沒有，不過多年來，大腦已經進化出某些易被魔術愚弄的特質。s
10.專注
Multi tasking is a myth, the human brain simply wasn't designed to focus on two things at once and magicians take full advantage. Our attention is pulled to one thing in particular due to the 'moving-spotlight' theory. In short, the theory says that our attention is like a spotlight, highlighting one thing while leaving what surrounds it in the dark. When an item or action is within the spotlight the parts of the brain involved in processing it work more efficiently, but anything beyond the spotlight is barely processed at all, at least not by our conscious mind. This allows magicians to pull a sleight of hand right under our noses, as long as something else is drawing our spotlight what happens beyond it, to our brain isn't happening at all.
多任務就是個神話，我們的大腦不能把注意力同時放在兩樣東西上，這可給了魔術師可趁之機。根據“移動聚光燈理論（moving-spotlight）”論，我們總會只把注意力放在一樣事物上面。簡而言之，我們的注意力就像一盞鎂光燈，照耀了某事物，該事物周圍的東西就都處於黑暗之中，而大腦中處理該事物信息的細胞特別活躍，而處理“背景”信息的細胞可以說根本沒動，或者說並不是我們刻意去處理的，所以只要有一個東西先吸引走我們的注意力，其他東西發生了什麼，我們都一無所知，魔術師就是靠操縱我們的思維盲點而工作的。
Up Memories
9.改變記憶
The 'misinformation effect' occurs when information we are given after an event alters our memory of it. For example, a magician asks you to choose a card from the left side of the deck and return it without telling him. Before the razzle-dazzle where he guesses your card he may say something like 'Now you chose any card you wanted, correct?' And in the heat of the moment you will say you did. The truth is you were only given the option of the left side of the deck, but the ambiguous comments from the magician alters how you remember the trick, leaving you with a false memory making the trick seem perhaps more incredible than it was.
某件事改變了你原來記憶就是誤導信息效應。比如，魔術師要求你在左邊那副牌中抽出一張牌，然後在不告訴他牌面的情況下把那張牌還回去，接着便是令人眼花繚亂的洗牌，在這個過程中，他一般會問：“你任意選了一張牌，對不對？”在這種千鈞一髮的激動時刻，你一般會回答：“是呀！”但事實是，你只能在左邊那副牌任意選擇一張牌，魔術師這種模棱兩可的詢問會把你帶入這樣一個誤區：你會覺得這魔術比想象中更加不可思議。icted Wrong Future
8.預估錯誤
When you see a ball get thrown in the air, it comes back down. You've a seen it a million times. You know that what comes up must come down and so does your brain. In fact because of something called the 'Memory-prediction framework' our brain sometimes remembers certain actions so well, it stops paying close attention because it predicts how they will end. When a ball gets thrown in the air our brain instantaneously recalls memories of similar events and produces an idea of what's going to happen next, but sometimes it's wrong. When a magician puts a ball in a cup only to have it disappear when the cup is lifted, we are shocked because what our brain predicted didn't come true. Our brains often feed us a prediction and convinces us we saw it happen, which leaves us even more shocked when the predicted action didn't happen at all.
一隻球被拋向空中，然後又掉下來，這種情景我們看了無數遍，你知道這隻球會先向上運動，接着向下運動。有一種東西叫“思維定勢”，就是說我們知道接下來會發生什麼，乃至從不把過多的注意力放在上面，因爲我們心裏十分清楚事情的結果是什麼。所以當一隻球被拋向空中時，我們大腦會瞬間調動所有類似回憶，預測接下來會發生什麼。但有時候這種預估是不靠譜的。一位魔術師將裝着球的杯子扔向空中，杯子飛出去了，球卻不見了，我們瞬間便會震驚無比，因爲我們預料的事竟然沒有發生！我們的大腦總是裝滿了各種預估信息，我們也毫不懷疑這些預估信息的真實性，所以當預料的事沒發生時，我們纔會那麼驚訝。譯:趙一力 來源:前十網
