盤點那些出現得比我們預想久遠的經典遊戲(下)

tball

5.彩彈遊戲

The game of paintball that we know and love was invented in the 1970s by two friends, Charles Gaines and Bill Gurnsey, who found an alternative (and painful) use for the paint-pellet guns that until then had only been used by farm workers to mark livestock.

我們所知道且喜歡玩的彩彈遊戲是查爾斯·蓋恩斯和比爾·格尼賽（二者是朋友）在20世紀70年代發明的。他們發現當時僅被農民用來標記牲畜的彩彈槍還有另一種（很疼的）玩法。

But, if you'd lived in the early 1900s, you might have played an earlier form of paintball known as wax dueling: a sport where men would partake in duels using pistols that fired wax bullets. Competitors were required to wear specialist armor to (ideally) protect them from any serious injury. Indeed, an issue of the Pittsburgh Press (dated August 1908) describes how one player had "the soft piece of flesh connecting the thumb and forefinger" of his right hand shot out, and also warned that spectators risked being blinded by ricocheting rounds. Nevertheless, this sport soon became so popular that it even made an appearance at the 1908 Olympic Games in London.

但是，你如果生活在20世紀早期的話，或許有可能玩過一種彩彈早期形式的遊戲，這種遊戲叫做蠟彈大戰：在比賽中，參加運動的運動員使用可以噴射蠟制子彈的手槍。要求比賽者穿着特殊制服以保護他們免受任何重傷。其實不然，《匹茲堡新聞》（日期爲1908年8月）的其中一期就描述了一位運動員將自己"連接拇指與食指的肉"甩出去的情景，並且還警示說，觀衆存在被反彈過來的子彈打瞎的風險。即便如此，這項運動很快受到人們的喜愛，甚至還在1908年的倫敦奧運會上露了面。

es And Ladders

4.蛇和梯子

The only way someone wouldn't know about Snakes and Ladders would be because they're more familiar with it as Chutes and Ladders.

有人不知道《蛇和梯子》的唯一原因可能是他們更熟悉叫這款遊戲《梯子和滑道》。

But we're betting that you didn't know that the game has existed in some form since the 16th century. Originating in India, the objective for players back then was still the same—reach the end of the board by climbing ladders and avoiding snakes—but in this version, the ladders symbolized the virtues of faith, reliability, generosity, knowledge, and asceticism. Meanwhile, the snakes symbolized vices such as vanity, theft, rage, greed, pride, murder, and lust. The game aimed to teach players that in order to reach salvation (the end of the board), they must perform virtuous acts throughout their lives, as opposed to indulging in the aforementioned vices. For this reason, there are more snakes/sins on the board than ladders/virtues. The makers wanted to reinforce the idea that a virtuous life was harder to attain—and therefore more worthwhile—than a life of vice.

但是，我們敢打賭，你不知道這個遊戲在16世紀就已經以某種形式出現了。這個遊戲起源於印度，當時玩家的目標也是一樣——爬梯子的同時繞過蛇，最終到達遊戲界面的終點端。但是，在早期的版本中，梯子象徵着信念、可靠、慷慨、智慧和禁慾等美德。同時，蛇象徵着像虛榮、偷竊、狂怒、貪婪、驕傲、兇殺和淫亂等罪惡。遊戲的目的是教育玩家，想要得到救贖（遊戲界面的終點端），必須終生行善，而不是沉溺於上述所說的各種罪惡。鑑於這個原因，遊戲界面上的蛇或罪惡要比梯子或美德數量多。遊戲製造者想要強調這樣一個理念：相比於一生行惡，一生行善更難達到，而且也就更有意義。

Guns

3.火藥帽玩具槍

You might think that cap guns are a relic of the 1940-50s. After all, that was the great age of the cowboy movie, when children clamored to relive the adventures of onscreen cowboys such as Roy Rogers, The Lone Ranger, and Hopalong Cassidy.

你可能會覺得火藥帽玩具槍產生於20世紀四五十年代。要知道，當時是偉大的牛仔電影時代，那時孩子們都搶着要重溫熒幕上牛仔的冒險經歷，如《羅伊·羅傑斯》、《獨行俠》、《何帕龍·卡賽迪》。

Actually, cap guns have a history that predates the American Civil War. In 1859, the J & E Stevens Company—a toy manufacturer that specialized in the production of cast-iron toys—released a firecracker pistol similar in design to the modern-day cap gun. Several years later, and after achieving great success with this product, Stevens began producing novelty cap guns in the 1890s, including a model shaped like a sea serpent (which, on pulling the trigger, detonated a cap placed on its jaw) and another shaped like a monkey, which would trigger the cap by slamming a coconut-shaped hammer into it.

事實是，火藥帽玩具槍的歷史比美國內戰還要早。1859年，一家從事玩具製造的公司——J and E史蒂文公司主營鐵鑄玩具，推出了一款爆竹手槍。這款手槍在設計方面與當今的火藥帽玩具槍相似。幾年後，隨着這款產品取得了很大成功，史蒂文森在19世紀90年代開始製造新型火藥帽玩具槍，其中有一款模型的形狀很像海蛇（扳動扳機，就會引爆放置在海蛇下巴上的火藥帽），還有一款模型的形狀酷似猴子，用一個椰子形狀的錘子敲打，就可引爆火藥帽。

poly

2.地產大亨

Monopoly, for those of you who have actively avoided all forms of popular culture, is the fun, hyper-capitalistic game that's been tearing families apart since 1934.

對於那些主動避開了所有流行文化形式的人來說，地產大亨是唯一的樂趣。自1934年以來，這款超級資本主義化的遊戲不斷使得許多家庭破裂。

However, Monopoly was itself inspired by a 1904 board game called The Landlord's Game. Created by Elizabeth Magie, The Landlord's Game was intended to teach people about how property owners at the time made vast fortunes at the expense of tenants like themselves, many of whom were already a hairs-breadth away from poverty. Magie hoped that any children who played the game would recognize the inherent unfairness of this system and be able to protect themselves against it in later life. Magie later sold the patent to the company Parkers Brothers in 1934, who obviously abandoned her initial goals. The major company had recently acquired the rights to produce Monopoly and wished to gain ownership of any patents which could prove problematic in the future.

然而，地產大亨本身是受到1904年的桌遊《地主遊戲》的啓發。由伊麗莎白·瑪吉創造的《地主遊戲》，意圖是想教育人們瞭解當時的資本擁有者如何從向他們一樣的租客身上賺取大量金錢，當時的許多人距赤貧僅有一步之遙。瑪吉希望所有玩過這款遊戲的孩子都能意識到資本主義體制與身俱來的不公平性，並在以後的生活中有能力保護自己不受這種體制的壓制。1934年，瑪吉把遊戲的專利權出售給了帕克兄弟公司，很明顯，這家公司拋卻了瑪吉最初的目的。這家大公司獲得製造《地產大亨》專利權不久後，就希望獲得未來有可能產生問題的所有專利。

Hunt

1.獵鴨

Duck Hunt is regarded by many as being one of the greatest games ever. Released in 1984, it pits players against an army of (admittedly harmless) ducks to shoot—as well as a dog that will taunt you into your grave. Luckily, players were armed with a lightgun: a gun-shaped controller that mimics any real-life movements onscreen and allows wannabe hunters to blast any wayward ducks.

《獵鴨》被許多人認爲是到目前爲止最偉大的幾款遊戲之一。這款遊戲於1984年發佈，玩家需要射擊一隊（得承認，它們是無害的）野鴨，還有一隻會瘋狂嘲笑你的狗。幸運的是，玩家會擁有一把激光槍，實際上就是一個槍支形狀的控制器，它會把實際生活中的激光槍發生的任何動作都模仿到遊戲機的熒屏上，讓想成爲獵人的人打中那些不聽話的鴨子。

Incredibly, this wasn't the first time that people had the opportunity to shoot fictional ducks with imitation firearms for the purposes of entertainment; that honor instead goes to 1936's Ray-O-Lite Rifle. Created as an arcade game, punters were handed a lightbeam-firing rifle and tasked with shooting as many wooden ducks as they could within a given time. To add an extra element of difficulty to the proceedings, the ducks were also able to move around the shooting gallery courtesy of a hidden conveyor belt. The makers, Seeburg, also created several other varieties of this game, where targets included bears, chickens, and—in an edition made in 1942—even Adolf Hitler himself.

令人意想不到的是，以娛樂爲目的，讓人們有機會用模擬槍械射擊虛擬的鴨子，這款遊戲還不是第一款；這個榮譽我們應該頒給1936年的Ray-O-Lite-Rifle。這是一款街機遊戲，顧客手持激光槍，任務是在規定的時間內儘可能多的打中木鴨。如果要增加這個遊戲的難度，藉助傳送帶就能讓野鴨在射擊場內來回飛動。製造商Seeburg公司也創造了這款遊戲其他不同的版本，其中靶子包括熊、小雞，在1942年的版本中靶子竟然是阿道夫·希特勒。

翻譯:夢娜 來源：前十網