研究:發現富人更自私
Few people have much sympathy for the rich who have lost millions in the latest share price crash. But then a new study has revealed the wealthy are unlikely to be bothered about those who are struggling to make ends meet.
According to psychologist and social scientist Dacher Keltner the rich are usually self-obsessed and only worried about their own well being.
Keltner said they were 'less empathetic, less altruistic and generally more selfish' as a result of having so much money.
He said they have an 'ideology of self interest' and more likely to think about themselves whereas those less well off were more likely to help others.
'We have now done 12 separate studies measuring empathy in every way imaginable, social behaviour in every way, and some work on compassion and it’s the same story,' he said.
'Lower class people just show more empathy, more prosocial behavior, more compassion, no matter how you look at it.'
Keltner, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, said the rich tend to stay focused on themselves. He said wealth, education and prestige and a higher station in life gave them the freedom to only worry about themselves.
To prove his point Keltner video recorded various groups of people in conversation. He said rich people appeared more distracted, checking mobile phones, doodling and avoiding eye contact.
Those on lower income made eye contact with the person they were talking with and nod their heads more frequently signaling they were interested in what was being said.
The psychologist also used data from 115 people playing what is called the 'dictator game'.
Those involved were paired with an unseen partner, given ten 'points' that represented money, and told they could share as many or as few of the points with the partner as they desired.
Lower-class participants gave more away even after controlling for gender, age or ethnicity.
The American psychologists findings were published in an article called 'Social Class as Culture: The Convergence of Resources and Rank in the Social Realm,' and published in the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science.很少有人會同情那些在最近這次股市大跌中損失百萬的富人。但一項新研究揭示，富人們一般也不會關心那些辛辛苦苦地量入爲出的窮人。
根據心理學家、社會科學家達徹爾•凱爾特納的研究，富人們通常以自我爲中心，他們只關心自己的幸福。
凱爾特納說，他們有了很多錢後反而變得“更沒有同情心，更不會爲他人着想，而且往往變得更自私”。
他說富人們有一種“利己主義思想”，更多地會爲自己着想，而那些沒這麼有錢的人則更可能幫助別人。
他說：“我們已完成的12項獨立研究對所有能想到的移情方式、各種社會行爲進行了衡量，並對同情心進行了研究，得出的結果都是一樣的。”
“不管你是如何看待這一現象的，但處於社會更底層的人們確實更能爲他人着想，會做出更多善意的親社會行爲，更有同情心。”
凱爾特納是加州大學伯克利分校的心理學教授，他說富人們更專注於自身。他說財富、教育、聲望和更高的社會地位給了他們只關心自己的自由權利。
爲了證明他的觀點，凱爾特納用視頻記錄下了不同羣體的對話。他說富人們表現得更心不在焉，不時查看一下手機、寫寫畫畫，避免眼神交流。
而那些收入較少的人則與他們的交談對象有更多的眼神交流，也會更頻繁地點頭示意他們對所談論的事情感興趣。
這位心理學家還採用了一個115人蔘加的“獨裁者遊戲”中的數據。
參與遊戲的人將與一個看不見的夥伴配對，每個人將獲得代表金錢的10分，他們被告知可以根據自己的意願，和這個搭檔分享隨意多少分值。
在將性別、年齡、種族等因素考慮在內的情況下，社會更底層的參與者給出的“錢”還是比富人多。
美國心理學家的這一調查結果已經發表在《心理科學最新動向》雜誌上，題爲《社會階層中的文化：社會領域中資源和等級的交會》。
