中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第66期:葉聖陶

Ye Shengtao(1894~1988), original name Ye Shaojun, courtesy name Shengtao, was a Chinese writer and teacher known primarily for his vernacular fiction.

葉聖陶(1894~1988)，原名葉紹鈞，字聖陶。作家、教育家，主要以白話小說聞名。

Ye taught at primary schools after his graduation from secondary school and in 1914 began writing short stories in classical Chinese for several periodicals.

葉聖陶中學畢業後做了小學教員。1914年開始寫短篇文言小說，發表在數家期刊上。

Influenced by the May Fourth Movement, he turned to writing in the vernacular and in 1921 was one of the founders of the Literary Research Association, which called for a reality-oriented literature.

在五四運動的影響下，葉聖陶開始寫白話小說。1921年葉聖陶參與創建了“文學研究會”，提倡“文學爲人生”。

He worked as a teacher and editor and, with Zhu Ziqing, founded the monthly Shi("poetry")in 1922.

葉聖陶在做教師的同時也做編輯，1922年他和朱自清一起創辦了《詩》月刊。

In the 1920s Ye wrote a considerable number of short stories portraying the life and characters of intellectuals and townspeople, collected in Gemo (1922;"Estrangement"), Huozai(1923;"Conflagration"), Xianxia(1925;"Below theHorizon,"), Chengzhong(1926; "In the City"), Weiyanji(1928; "Unsatisfied"), and Sisanji (1936;"At Forty-three").

20世紀20年代，葉聖陶寫了大量的短篇小說，描繪知識分子和城鎮居民的生活和性格特徵。這些短篇小說分別收集在《隔膜》(1922)、《火災》( 1923) 、《地平線下》(1925)、《城中》(1926 )、《未厭集》 ( 1928)和《四三集》 (1936)裏。

The short story "Panxiansheng zai nanzhong"("Mr. Pan in Distress"), published in Xianxia, is a small masterpiece.

收在《線下》裏的短篇小說《潘先生在難中》是一篇具有代表性的作品。

From 1927 Ye edited the Xiaoshuo yuehao("Fiction Monthly").

從1927年開始葉聖陶編輯《小說月報》。

In 1928 he published the novel Ni Huanzhi(schoolmaster Ni Huanzhi), which chronicles the life and times of an intellectual from the time of the Chinese Revolution of 1911~12 to 1927, when the Northern Expedition against warlords came to an abrupt end.

1928年，葉聖陶發表長篇小說《倪煥之》，記錄了一個知識分子的生活和他所處的時代。這段記錄從1911~ 1912年的辛亥革命開始到北伐突然結束的1927年終止。

The novel was recognized as one of the landmarks of the new vernacular literature.

是公認的新白話文學的里程碑之一。

Following the Japanese invasion of Mukden(now Shenyang) in 1931, Ye moved with his family to the wartime capital of Chongqing, where he resumed teaching.

1931年日軍入侵奉天(今瀋陽)之後，葉聖陶舉家遷至戰時首都重慶，又重新當起了教師。

He returned to Shanghai after Japan's defeat and soon faced persecution for his participation in the democracy movement.

日本投降後，葉聖陶又回到上海，但他很快就因爲參加了民主運動而面臨着迫害。

He managed to leave Shanghai for Beijing.

葉聖陶設法離開上海來到了北京。

His sketches, notes, and other miscellanea, remarkable for their simplicity and fluidity, were collected in Jiaobuji(1931;"Footsteps") and Weiyanju xizuo(1935; "Compositions from My Studio”).

葉聖陶的小品文、筆記和其它的雜錄因爲簡樸流暢而值得注意。這些著述被收在《腳步集》 ( 1931 )和《未厭居習作》( 1935 )裏。

His Daocaoren(1923;The Scarecrow) and Gudai yingxiong de shixiang (1931;The Stone Statue of an Ancient Hero) are both notable works in Chinese children's literature.

葉聖陶的《稻草人》(1923)和《古代英雄的石像》( 1931 )是中國兒童文學的著名作品。

A selection of Ye's short stories was translated into English and published as How Mr. Pan Weathered the Storm (1987).

葉聖陶的短篇小說已經被選譯成英語，選集名爲《潘先生是如何經受住暴風雨的》(1987 )。