中國廢除菸草價格控制

Beijing (AFP) - Chinahas abolished price controls on tobacco leaf, the last agricultural product to have limits, the country's top economic planner said as authorities seek to give the market a greater economic role.

北京（法新社）——中國停止對菸葉進行價格控制，這是最後一種有價格控制的農產品，當局決定讓市場扮演更大的經濟角色。

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But tobacco leaf prices are only a small factor in the cost of cigarettes -- a state monopoly in China -- so the move is unlikely tohave a significant effect on smokers.

但是在香菸成本中，菸葉價格只是一個非常小的因素——香菸在中國是國有壟斷的——所以這個措施對吸菸者來說不會產生重大影響。

China isthe world's biggest cigarette market and government efforts to curb smokinghave only had limited impact.

中國是世界上最大的香菸市場，政府控煙的措施沒有產生多大的效果。

Tobacco was among 24 commodities and services whose cost controls were removed, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) said at the weekend, with others including railway bulkcargo, parcels, passenger transport and explosives for civilian use.

國家發改委週末說菸葉是24種廢除了成本控制的產品之一，其他廢除了成本控制的產品包括鐵路散裝貨，包裹，旅客運輸和民用爆炸物。

The move comes more than a year after Communist Party leaders pledged to give the market a "decisive" rolein resource allocation at a key meeting known as the Third Plenum.

在一年前的三中全會上，中共領導人承諾將在資源分配中給予市場“決定性”的角色。

China'seconomy stagnated under decades of state control, but reforms brought instarting under Deng Xiaoping have seen it enjoy an unprecedented boom.

之前的中國經濟在國家控制下停滯不前，但是自鄧小平開始的改革讓中國經濟獲得了前所未有的繁榮。

State-owned China Tobacco Company retainsits monopoly on cigarette production but the tobacco price will be determined according to "industrial supply and demand and company costs and profits", the NDRC said in a statement.

國有的中國菸草公司依然擁有香菸生產的壟斷權，但是菸葉價格將根據“行業供給以及企業的成本和利潤來決定”，國家發改委在一份聲明說。

Chinaproduces about 2.5 million tonnes of tobacco a year, the state-run China Dailyquoted NDRC official Wang Shengmin as saying on Monday.

中國每年生產大約250萬噸菸葉，《中國日報》援引發改委官員王晟敏的話說。

"Leaf tobacco only accounts for a very small portion of China's agricultural market, and the relaxation won't cause much fluctuation ofcigarette prices, as the cost of tobacco leaves usually accounts for about 5 to10 percent of the final product," he said.

“菸葉只佔中國農業市場中的很小一部分，停止價格控制的措施將不會引起香菸價格太大的波動，因爲菸葉成本通常只佔最終產品價格的5-10%，”他說。

Beijing city authorities have passed anti-smoking legislation set to takeeffect in June as the government seeks to curb the habit among the country's 300 million smokers.

北京市當局已經通過了反吸菸立法，將於6月生效。中國政府試圖抑制中國3億菸民的吸菸習慣。

But experts point to the state monopoly oncigarettes, which accounts for nearly a tenth of national government revenue,as one of the biggest obstacles to anti-smoking efforts.

但是專家指出了國家對香菸的壟斷是反吸菸措施的最大障礙。香菸收入佔了國家政府收入的十分之一。

Tobacco kills more than a million people each year in China, where some brands can be purchased for as little as three yuan ($0.49). Chinese and foreign experts say the number of smoking deaths could triple by 2030.

菸草每年在中國致死100多萬人，有些香菸一包只要3塊錢。中國和外國專家說吸菸死亡的人數到2030年可能會翻三番。