世界時事:埃及總統決心與軍方對抗

They have been jailed and tortured, hunted in the streets and blacklisted from public life. But a year after winning the presidency and reaching the pinnacle of their 80-year quest for power, Egypt’s Islamists again face an existential threat.

他們曾遭到監禁和酷刑，在街頭受到追捕，被列入公共生活的黑名單。但在贏得總統之位、達到其追求80年的權力巔峯一年後，埃及的伊斯蘭主義者再次面臨生存威脅。

President Mohamed Morsi was yesterday fighting back against what his supporters have dubbed a military coup d’état against his democratically elected government. This time, the president’s Muslim Brotherhood and his millions of supporters made clear, they were not about to give up.

昨日，總統穆罕默德•穆爾西(Mohamed Morsi)反擊被其支持者稱爲針對他的民選政府發動的軍事政變。這一次，總統的穆斯林兄弟會(Muslim Brotherhood)以及他的數百萬支持者明確表示，他們不會放棄。

“If the military takes any street action we will stand in front of the tanks,” vowed Gehad Haddad, an official in Mr Morsi’s Freedom and Justice party.

穆爾西的自由與正義黨(Freedom and Justice party)的官員Gehad Haddad誓言：“如果軍隊開到街上，我們將擋在坦克面前。”

Following massive street protests on Sunday against what critics see as the president’s increasingly autocratic and erratic rule, Egypt’s military on Monday leapt back into politics and demanded that the president and opposition negotiate a compromise by today or submit to the army’s own political road map. Under a draft of that road map, leaked to Reuters, the constitution would be suspended and the current Islamist-dominated legislature dissolved if a power-sharing agreement is not reached.

由於批評人士認爲總統的統治日益具有威權主義色彩和隨心所欲，上週日發生大規模街頭示威，本週一埃及軍方重返政壇，要求總統與反對派舉行磋商，最遲在今日達成妥協，否則就必須按照軍方的政治路線圖辦事。從泄露給路透(Reuters)的路線圖草案來看，如果未能達成權力分享協議，憲法將被擱置，目前以伊斯蘭分子爲主的立法機關將被解散。

But rather than bow to the pressure, Mr Morsi and his Islamist allies have begun gathering their forces in preparation for a stand-off. His supporters, many dressed in traditional galabiyas (robes) and holding copies of the Koran, gathered in squares and streets across the country. “Here are the real people of Egypt,” declared Mostafa Marzouk, an aircraft technician who attended a pro-Morsi rally with his two sons.

但穆爾西及其伊斯蘭主義盟友不僅沒有向壓力妥協，還開始召集自己的力量，準備對抗。他的支持者很多穿着傳統的穆斯林斗篷，手持可蘭經，在全國各地的廣場和街道上聚會。一位飛機技師穆斯塔法•馬爾祖克(Mostafa Marzouk)宣稱：“這裏是真正的埃及人民。”他帶着自己的兩個兒子參加支持穆爾西的聚會。

Many of those protesting in support of Mr Morsi sported thick beards and wore skullcaps associated with the puritanical Salafist movement. Others wore jeans and T-shirts, or colourful headscarves and claimed no affiliation to any group. “We will never leave the squares,” said Nelly Alieldin, a professor of epidemiology.

很多參加示威、支持穆爾西的人士蓄着大鬍子，帶着與清教徒式的沙拉菲(Salafist)運動相關的無沿便帽。其他人穿着牛仔褲和T恤，或者戴着鮮豔的圍巾，宣稱不隸屬任何組織。流行病學教授Nelly Alieldin表示：“我們絕不會離開廣場。”

The Brotherhood’s political machine swiftly activated after the army announcement. The president and his advisers huddled for hours before issuing a terse 2am statement that played down the army’s ultimatum.

在軍隊發出聲明以後，穆斯林兄弟會的政治機器馬上開啓。總統及其顧問協商了數小時之後，在凌晨2點發布一份簡短聲明，淡化了軍隊的最後通牒。

Shadi Hamid, an expert on the Brotherhood at the Brookings Doha Centre, said the defiance was intended to raise the stakes. “The military wants to stage a coup? They’re going to have to really stage a coup.”

布魯金斯多哈中心(Brookings Doha Centre)的穆斯林兄弟會專家沙迪•哈米德(Shadi Hamid)表示，抗拒姿態是爲了增加籌碼。“軍隊想上演一場政變？他們將必須花功夫搞一場真正的政變。”