研究表明:工作時打盹不要怪自己!

If you find yourself hitting the snooze button every morning, don't blame work schedule could be to blame.

如果你發現自己每天早上都打盹兒，那麼別怪自己。你的工作時間纔是應該責難的。

A growing field of research now shows that, for many of us, our work schedules are wildly out of sync with our natural body clocks — and experts are urging employers to take notice.

如今，越來越多領域的研究顯示，我們的工作時間和我們的自然生物鐘極不同步，專家敦促僱主應該注意這一問題。

Sleep is a "strategic resource" that most companies are ignoring, according to a white paper by Christopher Barnes, a management professor at the University of Washington's Foster School of Business in the US.

美國華盛頓大學商學院管理學教授克里斯托弗·巴恩斯的白皮書指出，睡眠是大多數公司正在忽略的一種"戰略性資源"。

When work schedules are aligned with people's natural sleep patterns, they produce higher quality and more innovative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier, he wrote. The opposite is also true – when employees are sleep deprived they are more likely to make major mistakes and suffer from workplace injuries. His research has even shown that night owls behave more unethically in the morning than at night and that early birds were more unethical at night.

在書中他這樣寫道：通常情況下，當工作時間和人體的自然睡眠模式一致時，人們可以更高效、更富有創造性的工作，因爲這時的人們更專注，壓力更小，健康狀態更好。而它的反面也是毋庸置疑的--當員工被剝奪了睡眠時間時，他們更易犯錯，遭受工傷。他的研究甚至表明，夜貓子白天的表現比晚上更不符合職業規範，早起鳥反之亦然。

But it's not just about the amount of sleep you get. Whether you can be productive at 8 am depends on circadian rhythm. Every organism from primitive bacteria to human beings have a biologically determined, internal body clock, said Till Roenneberg, a professor of chronobiology at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. And that clock can vary greatly depending the person.

但這並不僅僅和睡眠多少有關。你是否在八點高效，取決於你的生理規律。德國慕尼黑大學醫學心理學研究所時間生物學教授提爾·羅內伯格表示，從原始細菌到人類，每個生物體都有一個生物因素決定的內在生物鐘。根據個體的不同，生物鐘也多種多樣。

"It's like feet," said Roenneberg. "Some people are born with big feet and some with small feet, but most people are somewhere in the middle."

羅內伯格教授說："生物鐘就像腳一樣。一些人生來腳大，一些人生來腳小，大部分人不大不小。"

According to Roenneberg the problem is that our lives typically don't take into account circadian rhythms as they might have when we spent more time outdoors in natural light. Many companies start the work day at 8 am or 9 am, putting their work schedules at odds with their employees' body clock. That mismatch, along with the pressure to be productive and be available to respond to email or take calls at all hours of the day and night, mean that many people suffer from what he calls "social jetlag". In other words, their bodies are always in the wrong time zone.

據羅內伯格所說，問題的關鍵在於：通常情況下，當我們在戶外自然光中度過大部分時間時，我們的生活並不顧及我們的生物節律。許多公司從早上八點或者九點開始辦公，這和員工的生物鐘不一致。這種不匹配，伴隨着日夜可回覆電郵和接通電話的工作壓力，意味着許多人因此而飽受"社會時差"的折磨。換句話說，他們的身體總是在錯誤的時區裏。

He estimates that more than 70% of people get up earlier than they should .

羅內伯格估算了一下，70%多的人起得比他們應該起牀的時間早。