新概念英語第三冊語法總結:介詞
英語是介詞和動詞的語言,由此可見,掌握介詞的用法何其重要。學習英語的時候,介詞部分也是非常重要的。新概念英語第三冊的語法知識中,就對介詞做了如下的詮釋,想了解的快來一起往下看看吧。說不定對你的學習有所幫助哦!
I.分類:
1.常用簡單介詞:
about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by, concerning, beneath, between, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。
2.合成介詞:
inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。
3.短語介詞:
according to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。
II.介詞與“……的”之關係:
在英語學習中,一遇到“……的”,大家就會立刻想到’s 所有格或者of。實際上,在很多情況下,“……的”必須藉助於介詞才能準確表達。
以下請同學們重複記憶:
● 美國的冬天→ the winter in America
● 停車場的入口→ the entrance to the parking lot
● 穿過森林的小路→ the path through the forest
● 魯迅的著作→ the work. by Lu Xun
● 水中的月亮→ the moon reflected in water
● 歷史的見證→ the witness to history
● 對愛的渴望→ a longing for love
● 對我們不利的證據→ the evidence against us
● 陽光下的漫步→ a walk in the sunlight
● 追求名譽的女人→ a lady after fame
● 兩人之間的爭論→ an argument between the two persons
重要介詞的重要用法:
(1)from:此介詞表示“to”相反的方向。
He came from London.
He went to London.
二詞常搭配使用“from... to...”
We studied English from morning to afternoon.
He'll start from Beijing to Shanghai.
經典用法:
● 由於→ The girl is trembling from fear.
● 免除→ Tramps are always free from care. 流浪漢們總是無憂無慮。
● 分開→ The couple parted from each other at the airport.
● 由……製成→ The red wine is made from grapes. 紅葡萄酒是由葡萄製成的。
由from引導的慣用法:
from far 從遠處
from now / then on 從現在/那時起
from bad to worse 每況愈下
from time to time(occasionally 時而)
習語:
She comes to visit me from time to time.
(2)out of:表示與"into"相反的語意。
He will be out of town.
I stepped out of the dark room.
out of+ 名詞 (= lack, to be without 用完,用光)
He went to the shop because he was out of paper.
out of date (= old-fashioned 過時的)
The book has been out of date.
out of work (= jobless 失業的)
He needs money because be is out of work.
out of the question (= impossible 不可能的)
Finishing the hard work is out of the question.
out of question (= doubtless 毫無疑問的)
That he can do it well is out of question.
out of order(= not functioning 失靈的)
Her radio is out of order, so she can't listen to it.
(3)by:表示從旁經過或在……附近。
He passed by me without saying hello.
He lives by the sea.
經典用法:
● 通過→This is the nearest road by which they came.
● 在……時候→The young man works by day and steals money by night.
● 由……所生→He has two sons by her second wife.
● 抓住→She caught her child by his coat in the flood.
● 按……計算→The farmers sell their apples by the pound.
● 就(氣質,特徵)而言→He is an artist by temperament(氣質).
用於被動語意,導出動作執行者:
The glass was broken by the boy.
by + 具體時間:
They usually have dinner by 8 o'clock.
by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan...):
He travelled to Paris by air/plane.
by the end of + 時間名詞:到……末爲止
By the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts.
By the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.
by then:到那時
He will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave Beijing.
by way of (= via):經由,取道
They are going to the United States by way of Hong Kong.
by the way:順便問
By the way, do you know where Mr. Li has gone?
by far:……得多(用於修飾比較級和*高級)
The book is by far the best on the subject.
by accident:不小心,與on purpose(故意地)語意相反
The wrong information was put into the computer by accident.
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