初中英語賓語從句語法

賓語從句是主從複合句中最常見的從句之一。它作及物動詞、介詞或者某些形容詞的賓語。。小編在這裏整理了初中英語賓語從句語法知識，希望能幫助到大家。

　　一.賓語從句的定義

置於動詞、介詞等詞性後面起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式，v.-ing形式後面都能帶賓語從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之後也可以帶賓語從句。

1.語序

無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分，可分爲以下四種：

1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?

The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子裏有什麼東西?

2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in theroom.老師問我們房間裏有多少人。

3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which，how many，howmuch， when，why，how，where，if /whether(在句中不充當任何成分)等。如：

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個班嗎?

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。

2.連接詞

1)當由陳述句充當賓語從句時，用that引導，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。

2)當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，意爲“是否”。如：

I don't know if /whether he stilllives here after so many years.我不知道這麼多年後他是否還住在這兒。

但在下列情況下只能用whether：

①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與ornot連用時，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如：

Let me know whether /if he willcome or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。

I don't know whether /if he doesany washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he doesany washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。

②在介詞之後用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work ontime.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心是否傷了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

④whether置於句首時，不能換用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，Ican't say.這是否真的我說不上來。

⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

⑥若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book.可理解爲：

se let me know whether youlike the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。

you like the book，please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。

3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如：

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting thismorning?你能告訴我今天早上你爲什麼開會遲到嗎?

3.時態

含賓語從句的複合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態呼應應包括以下三點內容：

1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據需要，選用相應的任何時態。如：

I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。

2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要，選用過去時態即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：

①The children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。

②He asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發生的。

3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作等，不管主句用什麼時態，從句時態都用一般現在時。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞着太陽轉。

4.注意：

if和when既可以引導賓語從句，也可以引導狀語從句，應注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導賓語從句時，分別意爲“是否”和“何時”，其時態應和主句時態相呼應;它們引導狀語從句時，意思分別爲“如果，假如”和“當……時候”，當主句時態是一般將來時時，其時態用一般現在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題幹中進行綜合考查。如：

—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什麼時候回來嗎?

—Sorry，I don't he comes back，I'll tell you.對不起，不知道。當他回來了，我將告訴你。

—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。

—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨，他會來的。

　　簡化賓語從句常用六法

同學們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的複合句轉化爲簡單句，使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：

方法一：當主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish，choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化爲不定式結構。例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopesto be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to helphim.

方法二：當主句謂語動詞是know， learn， remember，forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化爲“疑問詞+不定式”結構。例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She hasforgotten how to open the window.

注：當主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且後帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化爲“疑問詞+不定式”結構。例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化爲“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結構。例如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. →The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些動詞後的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。例如：

He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted ongoing with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些動詞後面的賓語從句可轉化爲“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補足語)”結構。例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on theground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：動詞seem後的賓語從句，也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化，但句型需要進行適當的變化。例如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boysseemed to win.

除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉化。例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →Ifound it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thicksnow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy. →They found thebox very heavy

　　初中英語賓語從句語法專項精選試題

習題(一)

1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink withthem.

A. took B. take C. takes D. will take

2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been never been

3 The students want to know whether they___ dictationtoday.

A. had B. has . C. will have D. are

4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.

A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may

5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. hadtravelled

答案:1-5 A D C B C

習題(二)

1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty

A. who B. what C. when D. that

2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where

3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.

A. that B. what C. which D. who

4 She didn't know___ back soon.

A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be

5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so manyyears.

A. whether B where C. what D. when

6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening

A. what B when C why D how

7. He asked me _____told me the accident.

A whom B which C who D whose

答案:1-7 C B B A A A C

習題(三)

1. They don't know their parents are.

A that B what C why D which

2. Please tell me ______what last year.

A. where does your sister work B where did your sisterwork C where your sister works D where your sister worked

3. She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it isD. whose pen was it

4. You must remember ________.

A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say

C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said

5 Did you know ____

A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for

C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

6 Could you tell me ___

A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leaveBeijing

C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leaveBeijing

答案:1-6 B D B A A C

習題(四)

1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市東城區)

A. that B. how C. whatD. if

2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)

A. why B. when C. how D. where

3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.

—They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)

A. what B. who C. which D. where

4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began toplay with computers. (重慶市)

A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when

5. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.

—Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀區)

A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived

6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer

—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)

A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy

7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ thismorning. (重慶市)

A. what the matter is B. what is wrong

C. what the matter was D. what wrong was

8. —Where is Jack

—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either toHangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市)

A. that B. which C. where D. there

答案:1—4 D A A D 5—8 C A C C

　　相關閱讀：英語學習方法

一、預習學習法

首先對單詞進行預習。預習英語單詞時，我們要掌握詞義、詞性以及讀音，課本上的黑體單詞(重點部分)要會拼寫，還要拼寫正確。其次是預習英語課文。同學們在預習單詞的時候，可以聽幾遍課文的錄音， 一開始聽不明白也不打緊， 認真閱讀幾遍，把沒聽懂的地方標註一下再聽一遍，這樣反覆幾次再去細心研究課文，找出課文中的知識點。 帶着問題去聽課你會發現效率比平時高很多。 最後是課本後練習題的預習。我們可以利用課前幾分鐘的時間思考一下問題，做到心中有數。

二、課堂學習法

學生能否學好英語的關鍵就在於這課上45分鐘的利用。那麼如何提高自己上課的效率呢?首先對於聽講，同學們必須有一個目標，必須保證一上課就快速進入學習狀態。充分調動自己的感官，做到眼、耳、心、手並用。學會處理好聽與記的關係也很重要：既要記下老師的板書又要時刻跟住老師的思路。這裏就要要求大家普鍛鍊自己的瞬間記憶能力，當接觸到該記憶的內容時，應通過眼看、耳聽、口唸，將其迅速輸入到記憶中樞，然後再復現出它的形象。在復現時快速用手指在桌上劃出這個單詞，或一個長句中最難記的或最重要的單飼，強迫自己在課內就能記住這節課最重要的東西。這樣，使自己真正有着“這節課確實學到不少東西”的踏實感、成功感，進而激發動機，提高興趣，更有信心地去繼續今後的學習。

三、日常學習法

爲自己制定長遠的學習目標和學習任務是我們日常需要做的工作。根據不同的學習階段和自身情況制定一個相對有難度但又不會完全達不到的目標。有了這個目標我們就會更有學習動力，渾身充滿責任感、緊迫感，好像有什麼在督促着我們。除此之外我們還要制定每堂課的小目標，這樣在每堂課開始的時候，因爲有目標的激勵使大腦處於興奮狀態，幫助我們高效的聽講。此外，多爭取練習英語的機會也是極好的。交際能力只有在交際中才能被有效的培養出來。不要怕說錯被別人譏笑，本事學到自己身上纔是硬道理。

四、積累學習法

知識的累積是個漫長的過程。在學習英語上，我們要積累大量詞彙和語法。教材中的每個單元分Section A ， Section B 以及Self check 三部分，其中Section B的3a環節是本單元主要詞彙和語法以及交際項目的具體體現，也是各單元必背內容。堅持背誦，同學們就能自然地使用所學習詞彙來表達思想感情，從而達到學以致用的效果。語法的積累要以句爲練習單位。多閱讀文章培養語感，注意體會文章裏自己學過的語法規則。相信你的英語能力必定更上一層樓。

五、複習學習法

複習是學習之母。要及時、經常、科學地複習，減少遺忘。“艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線”揭示遺忘規律是先快後慢，先多後少。整理課堂筆記就是複習的一種方式。在此過程中，學生再次回顧課堂上的重點內容加深了對知識的印象。另外可以準備改錯本。同學們把每次做錯的習題整理在錯題本上，並對出錯的原因進行分析、總結，可以避免下次再犯同樣的錯誤。還能養成做題時認真思考的習慣。英語複習十分紛繁瑣碎， 同學會覺得無從下手。小喜鵲認爲要經常歸納整理， 把所學的新知識融入自己原有的知識體系中，使之渾然一體，這樣形成的知識才不 “脫落”，而且經久不忘。這就要求同學們做學習的有心人，及時歸納整理相關的知識點。